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Family Practice Vol. 21, No. 4, 364-369
Family Practice Vol. 21, No. 4 © Oxford University Press 2004, all rights reserved.

Differences in treatment regimes, consultation frequency and referral patterns of diabetes mellitus in general practice in five European countries

Gé A Donkera, Douglas M Fleminga,b, François G Schellevisa and Peter Spreeuwenberga

a NIVEL-Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands and b Royal College of General Practitioners Birmingham Research Unit, Birmingham, UK

Correspondence to GA Donker, MD, MPH, PhD, NIVEL, PO Box 1568, 3500 BN-Utrecht, The Netherlands; E-mail: ge.donker{at}inter.nl.net

Background. In many European countries, maturity onset diabetes mellitus (DM) is to a large extent managed in general practice.

Objective. Our aim was to compare management of DM in general practice in five European countries in order to contribute to international guidelines on the management of DM by GPs.

Methods. Routine monitoring of patients presenting with DM was performed during a 12 month period (1999–2000) to GPs in established sentinel practice surveillance networks in five European countries (Belgium, Croatia, England, Spain and The Netherlands). Results were stratified by age and country.

Results. The proportion of patients treated by diet only varied from 13% (The Netherlands) to 25% (Spain); diet and oral antidiabetics from 51% (England) to 62% (Belgium); a combination of diet and insulin varied from 15% (Belgium and Croatia) to 26% (The Netherlands); and a combination of diet, oral antidiabetics and insulin was <10% in all countries. In the older age groups, insulin is prescribed most frequently in The Netherlands. Spain and Croatia show high consultation rates for DM; England and The Netherlands show low rates. Referral percentages vary considerably between countries (highest in Croatia).

Conclusions. National differences found included the use of insulin in the elderly, the consultation frequency in general practice and the referral rate to ophthalmologist and diabetic specialists. Further quantitative and qualitative studies are needed to explore the needs for support in diabetes management in general practice in Europe.

Keywords. Diabetes mellitus, European, general practice, guideline, sentinel practice.


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