Family Practice Vol. 21, No. 5 © Oxford University Press 2004, all rights reserved.
Perceptions of patient expectation for an antibiotic: a comparison of walk-in centre nurses and GPs
a School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, b Primary Care Nursing Research Unit, School of Nursing and Midwifery, James Clerk Maxwell Building, King's College, 57 Waterloo Road, London SE1 8WA, and c Division of Primary Care, University of Bristol, Cotham House, Cotham Hill, Bristol BS6 6JL, UK
E-mail: m.weiss{at}bath.ac.uk
Background. Patient expectation for a prescription is a recognized influence on GPs' prescribing, particularly in relation to the prescribing of antibiotics. Nurses are now able to supply antibiotics under a Patient Group Direction (PGD) in NHS walk-in centres and may experience similar pressures in this new role.
Objectives. Our aim was to compare walk-in centre nurses' and GPs' perceptions of the influence of patient expectation on their supply of an antibiotic to patients with an acute respiratory tract infection presenting with a sore throat or cough.
Methods. Between June and December 2001, all patients presenting with a sore throat or cough at six walk-in centres and six nearby general practices were eligible to participate in the study. After the health professional–patient consultation, the health professional and the patient each completed a questionnaire.
Results. There were 472 health professional (181 GPs and 291 walk-in centres) and 160 (34%, 160 out of 472) patient questionnaires returned. GPs were more likely to report that the patient expected an antibiotic than nurses (72% of 181 versus 13% of 291, P < 0.001). GPs were also less likely to report that an antibiotic was indicated than nurses (88% of 136 versus 97% of 194, P < 0.001). There was a trend for doctors to prescribe more frequently than nurses, in 74% of 180 patients versus 66% of 291 patients (P = 0.06). GPs were likely to report that the patient expected an antibiotic when the patient reported wanting a prescription (60% of 68, P = 0.05) and to report that the patient expected an antibiotic if the patient thought an antibiotic would be beneficial (62% of 68, P = 0.001). There was a much weaker relationship between nurse perceptions of patient expectation for an antibiotic and, either patient desire for a prescription or the patient's affirmative belief that an antibiotic would be beneficial.
Conclusions. Nurses may be compensating for a lack of security in their new role as antibiotic suppliers by not acknowledging the influence of patient expectation on their decision making. The acknowledgement of the influence of patient expectation might be beneficial to nurses' development as suppliers of medicines by giving them greater understanding of the consultation process and in the need to discuss patient expectations explicitly in the consultation.
Keywords. Antibiotics, patient demand, patient group directions, prescribing decisions.